A good exposure by the harbour in Funchal, showing from bottom left:
Ash deposits, rubbly a'a flow, crude columnar jointing.
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"Columns" by harbour
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Deposits of volcanic ash in Lido area, Funchal
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Dykes, jutting out to sea in Lido area, Funchal
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Vesicular basalt, Lido area, Funchal
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Ponta de Cruz Cone, Funchal. One of the last areas of activity in the Quaternary (beta 5).
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Alternating thin lava units and scoria layers by the ruins, Lido area, Funchal
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Sao Lorenzo peninsula, East Madeira
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Miocene basement complex, Sao Lourenco. Overlapping ash cones, interbedded with darker lava and veritcal dykes.
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Dykes cutting through layers of ash and lava. The red colour is due to laterisation, caused by tropical weathering.
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Aeolian sandsblown inwards on Sao Lourenco Peninsula
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Bomb and its crater, Sao Lourenco
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Horizontal columnar jointing of dyke, Sao Lourenco
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Ribbon bomb, Estreito, Sao Lourenco
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Spindle bomb, Estreito, Sao Lourenco
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Part of ribbon bomb in "footpath" Sao Lourenco
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Evidence of faulting, Sao Lourenco
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MadeiraGeo08 013.jpg
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Interesting formation of deposits, Sao Lourenco
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"Onion Skin" weathering by bus stop, Sao Lourenco. Scale = 50cms across photo
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Sao Vicente: unconformity between beta 1 (Miocene) and beta 3 (Post-Miocene) deposits
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Inside the Quaternary (beta 5)lava tubes at Sao Vicente. Vegetation evidently blew in as seeds/spores and grows around light sources.
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Lava drips from roof of lava tube
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Channel in solidified lava in tubes
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Deep inside lava tube with smooth solidified base
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Ropey base in lava tube, which was 1 metre high and 4 metres wide
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Rock wedged at end of lava tube
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Wedged rock
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Evidence of land slip above Levada de Serra Faial
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Newly made water channel to avoid further slips
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